langkah membuat abstak

“5 Steps to Write the Abstract of Scientific Writing”

Step 1: Write why you have done it
Step 2: Write how you have done it
Step 3: Write major results
Step 4: Write outlook or implications of       

              your work
Step 5: Rewrite for brevity

That’s it. Now let us look at each step at a time.

•       Step 1:

                Write motivation or background of your work. In other words, write the reason why you have done it. If you find it difficult to write motivation or background, then go back and ask yourself, why have I done this research? Is it because your research is an urgent issue? Is it because it will have a high impact on a particular industry? Is it because it is a long-sought topic in the history of science? You get the idea. You have at least some reason. When you write motivation or background, it is acceptable to try to reach as wide audience as possible. Remember, if your audience reads the first sentence and then lose their interests, they may not read any further.

•       Step 2:

                Next, write how you have done your research. Write your computational methods or experimental designs and settings. However, do not try to include every detail because it will distract the reader.

•       Step 3:

                Write your major results or summary; but do not try to include everything. You may have many results you want to mention. In your Abstract, however, you pick up only two or three important results of your work. Alternatively, it would be even better to write the single most important result out of the three. As you can see, the process of Step 3 is much easier after you have already written the main body of your research paper.

•       Step 4:

                Write outlook, benefits, or implications. Or write why and how your work has an impact on current scientific knowledge. This is an important point. Because, like it or not, your reader has one question in mind: “What’s in it for me?” So you have to answer to this question in your Abstract. Remember, the main purpose of your Abstract is to get potential audience actually read your paper. To do so you not only write your conclusions but also include outlook, benefits, or implications reasonably derived from you work.

•       Step 5:

                Rewrite for brevity. After you have done Steps 1-4, now is the time for rewriting. Most Abstracts are limited to 100-200 words, depending your target journal. Therefore, you should be short and concise sentence by sentence, word by word. You can do this by (1) eliminating unnecessary words, (2) using short, familiar words, (3) avoiding jargons, terminologies, and references, and (4) using simple sentence structures.

How to write the abstract as follows:

1. It is started from ‘Title’

2. The first paragraph summary of the  'background / introduction'
3. The second paragraph summary ‘objective  study'
4. The third paragraph summary of the 'methodology'
5. The fourth paragraph summary of the 'results and  discussion'
6. The fifth paragraph of the summary of ‘conclusion'
7. Keywords can be taken from the title or important     words in the paper. The number of keywords is not  more than five words.